#ll-publication-page{--lightningcss-light:initial;--lightningcss-dark: ;color-scheme:light;--ll-paper:var(--color-background);--ll-ink:var(--color-foreground);--ll-soft:#f4f4f4;--ll-muted:var(--color-muted-foreground);--ll-rule:var(--color-border);--ll-accent:var(--color-primary);--ll-feature:#0a0a0a;--ll-feature-text:#fff;--ll-feature-muted:#d9d9d9;--ll-white:#fff;background:var(--ll-paper);color:var(--ll-ink);overflow-wrap:anywhere;width:100%;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.7}#ll-publication-page *,#ll-publication-page :before,#ll-publication-page :after{box-sizing:border-box}#ll-publication-page h1,#ll-publication-page h2,#ll-publication-page h3,#ll-publication-page p{margin:0}#ll-publication-page a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:4px}#ll-publication-page button{font:inherit;color:inherit}#ll-publication-page button,#ll-publication-page summary,#ll-publication-page a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}#ll-publication-page a:focus-visible,#ll-publication-page button:focus-visible,#ll-publication-page summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--ll-accent);outline-offset:5px}#ll-publication-page [hidden]{display:none!important}#ll-publication-page .ll-serif{font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,Times New Roman,serif;font-weight:400}#ll-publication-page .ll-mono{letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Courier New,monospace;font-size:11px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.6}#ll-publication-page .ll-shell{padding-left:48px;padding-right:48px}#ll-publication-page .ll-topline{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ll-rule);color:var(--ll-muted);justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:14px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ll-ink);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding-top:25px;padding-bottom:25px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-brand{flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;gap:12px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-site-logo{width:210px;max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-mark{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ll-ink);letter-spacing:-.14em;padding-right:5px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:29px;line-height:1.25}#ll-publication-page .ll-wordmark{border-top:3px solid var(--ll-ink);letter-spacing:-.035em;white-space:nowrap;padding-top:13px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:38px;line-height:1.2;display:inline-block}#ll-publication-page .ll-nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:25px;font-size:12px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-nav a{padding:8px 0;text-decoration:none}#ll-publication-page .ll-nav a:hover{text-decoration:underline}#ll-publication-page .ll-breadcrumb{color:var(--ll-muted);flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:9px;padding-top:24px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-breadcrumb a{text-decoration:none}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 260px;align-items:end;gap:38px;padding-top:44px;padding-bottom:44px;display:grid}#ll-publication-page .ll-kicker{color:var(--ll-accent);align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:18px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-kicker:before{content:"";background:currentColor;flex-shrink:0;width:24px;height:1px}#ll-publication-page h1{letter-spacing:-.055em;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,Times New Roman,serif;font-size:clamp(45px,6.5vw,73px);font-weight:400;line-height:1.05}#ll-publication-page h1 em{color:var(--ll-accent);font-weight:400}#ll-publication-page .ll-dek{max-width:550px;margin-top:24px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:21px;line-height:1.45}#ll-publication-page .ll-meta{color:var(--ll-muted);letter-spacing:.04em;margin-top:23px}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero-note{border-left:1px solid var(--ll-rule);padding-bottom:3px;padding-left:22px}#ll-publication-page .ll-entry-number{letter-spacing:-.06em;color:var(--ll-accent);margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:84px;line-height:1}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero-note p{color:var(--ll-muted);margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.65}#ll-publication-page .ll-jump{align-items:center;gap:10px;margin-top:18px;font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-portrait{min-width:0;margin:0}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-image{aspect-ratio:3/4;object-fit:cover;object-position:34% 44%;width:100%;height:auto;display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-caption{padding-top:15px}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-name{letter-spacing:-.025em;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:26px;line-height:1.2}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-role{color:var(--ll-accent);margin-top:6px}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-firm{align-items:center;gap:18px;margin-top:9px;font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-firm:hover{text-decoration:underline}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-feature{color:var(--ll-feature-muted);margin-bottom:14px}#ll-publication-page .ll-abstract{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--ll-rule);grid-template-columns:155px minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;padding-top:25px;padding-bottom:27px;display:grid}#ll-publication-page .ll-abstract .ll-mono{color:var(--ll-accent);padding-top:3px}#ll-publication-page .ll-abstract p{max-width:670px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.75}#ll-publication-page .ll-body{grid-template-columns:155px minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;padding-top:45px;padding-bottom:50px;display:grid}#ll-publication-page .ll-side{color:var(--ll-muted);align-self:start}#ll-publication-page .ll-side .ll-mono{margin-bottom:17px;display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-contents{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}#ll-publication-page .ll-contents li{margin-bottom:13px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}#ll-publication-page .ll-contents a{gap:10px;text-decoration:none;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-contents a:hover{color:var(--ll-accent)}#ll-publication-page .ll-side-note{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-rule);margin-top:35px;padding-top:18px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.55}#ll-publication-page .ll-article{min-width:0;max-width:var(--ll-reading-width,700px)}#ll-publication-page .ll-section{margin-bottom:44px;scroll-margin-top:20px}#ll-publication-page .ll-section-label{color:var(--ll-accent);margin-bottom:12px}#ll-publication-page h2{letter-spacing:-.035em;margin-bottom:19px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:31px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2}#ll-publication-page h3{margin-bottom:8px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:23px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3}#ll-publication-page .ll-prose p+p{margin-top:15px}#ll-publication-page .ll-prose p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.8}#ll-publication-page .ll-definitions{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-ink)}#ll-publication-page .ll-definition{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ll-rule);grid-template-columns:37px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;padding:22px 0;display:grid}#ll-publication-page .ll-definition .ll-mono{color:var(--ll-muted);padding-top:4px}#ll-publication-page .ll-pronunciation{letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--ll-muted);margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Courier New,monospace;font-size:11px}#ll-publication-page .ll-definition p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.75}#ll-publication-page .ll-definition a{color:var(--ll-accent);font-size:12px}#ll-publication-page .ll-pullquote{border-left:2px solid var(--ll-accent);margin:25px 0 0;padding:0 0 0 20px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:23px;line-height:1.4}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario{background:var(--ll-soft);padding:25px}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario-top{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:24px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario-top .ll-mono{color:var(--ll-muted)}#ll-publication-page .ll-step-controls{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:7px;margin-bottom:22px;display:grid}#ll-publication-page .ll-step{text-align:left;border:1px solid var(--ll-rule);background:0 0;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:6px;padding:12px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-step .ll-mono{color:var(--ll-muted)}#ll-publication-page .ll-step[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--ll-ink);color:var(--ll-paper);border-color:var(--ll-ink)}#ll-publication-page .ll-step[aria-pressed=true] .ll-mono{color:inherit;opacity:.8}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario-detail{background:var(--ll-white);min-height:220px;padding:23px}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario-detail h3{font-size:25px}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario-detail p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.75}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario-question{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-rule);color:var(--ll-accent);margin-top:17px;padding-top:14px}#ll-publication-page .ll-caption{color:var(--ll-muted);margin-top:16px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}#ll-publication-page .ll-record-list{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-rule);margin:24px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none}#ll-publication-page .ll-record-list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ll-rule);grid-template-columns:125px minmax(0,1fr);gap:18px;padding:17px 0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;display:grid}#ll-publication-page .ll-record-list strong{font-weight:500}#ll-publication-page .ll-record-list span{color:var(--ll-muted)}#ll-publication-page .ll-case-note{border:1px solid var(--ll-rule);margin-top:22px;padding:21px 24px}#ll-publication-page .ll-case-note .ll-mono{color:var(--ll-accent);margin-bottom:11px}#ll-publication-page .ll-case-note p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.75}#ll-publication-page .ll-case-note a{color:var(--ll-accent);margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;display:inline-block}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature{background:var(--ll-feature);color:var(--ll-feature-text);margin-top:0;padding-top:42px;padding-bottom:43px;scroll-margin-top:20px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-top{border-bottom:1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--ll-feature-text) 25%, transparent);justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding-bottom:20px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-top .ll-mono{color:var(--ll-feature-muted)}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 210px;gap:40px;padding-top:26px;display:grid}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature h2{letter-spacing:-.04em;margin-bottom:12px;font-size:51px;line-height:1.05}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-dek{margin-bottom:21px;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:1.45}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-copy p{color:var(--ll-feature-muted);font-size:14px;line-height:1.8}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-copy p+p{margin-top:15px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-copy strong{color:var(--ll-feature-text);font-weight:500}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-aside{border-left:1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--ll-feature-text) 25%, transparent);color:var(--ll-feature-muted);padding-left:24px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.75}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-aside .ll-mono{margin-bottom:8px;display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-aside p{margin-bottom:20px}#ll-publication-page .ll-contact-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-top:23px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-contact-action{border:1px solid var(--ll-feature-muted);color:var(--ll-feature-text);align-items:center;gap:20px;padding:10px 15px;font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-contact-action:first-child{background:var(--ll-feature-text);color:var(--ll-feature)}#ll-publication-page .ll-contact-action:hover{text-decoration:underline}#ll-publication-page .ll-contact-detail a{overflow-wrap:anywhere;display:inline-block}#ll-publication-page .ll-firm-logo-link{width:170px;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:25px;display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-firm-logo{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-official-link{border:1px solid var(--ll-feature-muted);color:var(--ll-feature-text);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;margin-top:23px;padding:11px 15px;font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-official-link:hover{background:color-mix(in srgb, var(--ll-feature-text) 10%, transparent)}#ll-publication-page .ll-firm-note{margin-top:23px!important;font-size:11px!important;line-height:1.65!important}#ll-publication-page .ll-lower{grid-template-columns:155px minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;padding-top:45px;padding-bottom:35px;display:grid}#ll-publication-page details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ll-rule);padding:17px 0}#ll-publication-page details:first-of-type{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-rule)}#ll-publication-page summary{justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;list-style:none;display:flex}#ll-publication-page summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}#ll-publication-page summary:after{content:"+";color:var(--ll-accent);font-size:20px;line-height:1.2}#ll-publication-page details[open] summary:after{content:"−"}#ll-publication-page details p{color:var(--ll-muted);padding-top:15px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.8}#ll-publication-page .ll-related{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-ink);margin-top:37px;padding-top:23px}#ll-publication-page .ll-related details h3{margin:0;font-size:23px}#ll-publication-page .ll-related summary{align-items:center}#ll-publication-page .ll-source-list{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}#ll-publication-page .ll-source-list li{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-rule);padding:16px 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8}#ll-publication-page .ll-source-list span{color:var(--ll-muted);display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-sources{margin-top:40px}#ll-publication-page .ll-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--ll-ink);justify-content:space-between;align-items:start;gap:35px;padding-top:28px;padding-bottom:27px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-footer p{max-width:460px;color:var(--ll-muted);font-size:11px;line-height:1.75}#ll-publication-page .ll-footer-brand{white-space:nowrap;font-family:Playfair Display,Georgia,serif;font-size:22px}#ll-publication-page .ll-endline{color:var(--ll-muted);border-top:1px solid var(--ll-rule);justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;padding-top:13px;padding-bottom:17px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-cite{color:var(--ll-accent);vertical-align:super;margin-left:2px;font-size:11px;text-decoration:none}@media (width<=760px){#ll-publication-page .ll-shell{padding-left:28px;padding-right:28px}#ll-publication-page .ll-nav{gap:15px}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 190px;gap:24px}#ll-publication-page .ll-entry-number{font-size:65px}#ll-publication-page .ll-body,#ll-publication-page .ll-lower,#ll-publication-page .ll-abstract{grid-template-columns:120px minmax(0,1fr);gap:23px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 170px;gap:26px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature h2{font-size:43px}}@media (width<=580px){#ll-publication-page .ll-shell{padding-left:22px;padding-right:22px}#ll-publication-page .ll-topline{letter-spacing:.08em;font-size:10px}#ll-publication-page .ll-topline .ll-top-secondary{display:none}#ll-publication-page .ll-header{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:15px;padding-top:21px;padding-bottom:16px}#ll-publication-page .ll-site-logo{width:180px}#ll-publication-page .ll-wordmark{padding-top:11px;font-size:31px}#ll-publication-page .ll-nav{gap:23px;width:100%}#ll-publication-page .ll-nav a{font-size:12px}#ll-publication-page .ll-breadcrumb{padding-top:21px;font-size:10px}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px;display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-portrait{max-width:320px;margin-top:27px}#ll-publication-page .ll-partner-image{aspect-ratio:4/5;object-position:34% 44%}#ll-publication-page h1{font-size:clamp(42px,10vw,57px)}#ll-publication-page .ll-dek{font-size:20px}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero-note{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--ll-rule);align-items:center;gap:18px;margin-top:25px;padding-top:16px;padding-left:0;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-entry-number{margin:0;font-size:45px}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero-note .ll-entry-detail{flex:1}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero-note p{margin-top:4px}#ll-publication-page .ll-hero-note .ll-jump{max-width:100px;margin:0;line-height:1.5}#ll-publication-page .ll-abstract,#ll-publication-page .ll-body,#ll-publication-page .ll-lower,#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-grid{display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-abstract .ll-mono{margin-bottom:12px}#ll-publication-page .ll-body{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:15px}#ll-publication-page .ll-side{padding-bottom:24px}#ll-publication-page .ll-contents{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 18px;display:flex}#ll-publication-page .ll-contents li{margin:0}#ll-publication-page .ll-side-note{display:none}#ll-publication-page .ll-section{margin-bottom:34px}#ll-publication-page h2{font-size:29px}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario{padding:18px}#ll-publication-page .ll-step-controls{gap:5px}#ll-publication-page .ll-step{padding:10px 8px;font-size:11px}#ll-publication-page .ll-scenario-detail{min-height:260px;padding:19px}#ll-publication-page .ll-record-list li{grid-template-columns:98px minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px}#ll-publication-page .ll-case-note{padding:19px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature{padding-top:29px;padding-bottom:30px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-top{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:7px;padding-bottom:16px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature h2{font-size:43px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-grid{padding-top:23px}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-aside{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--ll-feature-text) 25%, transparent);grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:25px;padding-top:22px;padding-left:0;display:grid}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-aside p{margin:0}#ll-publication-page .ll-feature-aside .ll-firm-logo-link{grid-column:1/-1;width:170px;margin-bottom:2px}#ll-publication-page .ll-lower{padding-top:30px}#ll-publication-page .ll-lower>.ll-side{display:none}#ll-publication-page .ll-footer{display:block}#ll-publication-page .ll-footer p{margin-top:15px}#ll-publication-page .ll-endline{letter-spacing:.04em;font-size:10px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){#ll-publication-page{scroll-behavior:smooth}}#ll-publication-page button,#ll-publication-page summary{cursor:pointer}